Effects of a Water-Soluble Ceylon Extract on Body Composition and Features of the Metabolic Syndrome in Pre-Diabetic Men and Women...
HR and BP After 12-weeks, subjects in the Cinnulin group decreased their SBP by 3.8% (from 133 ± 14 mm Hg [pre] to 128 ± 18 mm Hg [post], P < 0.001) compared to subjects in the Placebo group (from 133 ± 22 mm Hg [pre] to 142 ± 20 mm Hg [post]). No between or within-group changes in diastolic blood pressure (Cinnulin: from 83 ± 6 mm Hg [pre] to 84 ± 9 mm Hg [post]; Placebo: from 83 ± 14 mm Hg [pre] to 86 ± 12 mm Hg [post], P < 0.32) or HR (Cinnulin: from 69 ± 14 beats/min [pre] to 69 ± 12 beats/min [post]; Placebo: from 71 ± 15 beats/min [pre] to 74 ± 8 beats/min [post], P < 0.73) were noted in either group. It also appears that this particular water-soluble Ceylon extract, standardized for polyphenolic type-A polymers, can favorably alter systolic blood pressure and body composition when consumed for at least 12-weeks.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2129164/
Ceylon Extract Lowers Glucose, Insulin and Cholesterol in People with Elevated Serum Glucose
Ceylon has in vitro insulin potentiating activity, and proanthocyanidins from Ceylon prevent in vitro formation of advanced glycation end products…After 2 mo, fasting glucose decreased (p<0.001) in the Ceylon extract-supplemented group (8.85+/- 0.36 to 8.19+/- 0.29 mmol/L) compared with the placebo group (8.57+/- 0.32 to 8.44+/- 0.34 mmol/L, p=0.45). Glucose 2H after a 75 g carbohydrate load, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR also decreased with Ceylon extract compared with placebo. Total and LDL-cholesterol decreased with Ceylon extract and HDL-cholesterol decreased in both the Ceylon-extract and placebo groups. In conclusion, supplementation with 500 mg of water-extract of Ceylon for two months reduced fasting insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol and enhanced insulin sensitivity of subjects with elevated blood glucose.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27774415
Efficacy and Safety of “True” Ceylon as a Pharmaceutical Agent in Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
The literature search identified 16 studies on C. zeylanicum (five in-vitro, six in-vivo and five in-vivo/in-vitro). However, there were no human studies. In-vitro C. zeylanicum demonstrated a potential for reducing post-prandial intestinal glucose absorption by inhibiting pancreatic α-amylase and α-glucosidase, stimulating cellular glucose uptake by membrane translocation of glucose transporter-4, stimulating glucose metabolism and glycogen synthesis, inhibiting gluconeogenesis and stimulating insulin release and potentiating insulin receptor activity. The beneficial effects of C. zeylanicum in animals include attenuation of diabetes associated weight loss, reduction of fasting blood glucose, LDL and HbA(1c), increasing HDL cholesterol and increasing circulating insulin levels. Cinnamomum zeylanicum neuropathy and nephropathy, with no significant toxic effects on liver and kidney and a significantly high therapeutic window.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22671971
Ceylon Use in Type 2 Diabetes: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisIn a meta-analysis of 10 RCTs (n=543 patients), Ceylon doses of 120 mg/d to 6 g/d for 4 to 18 weeks reduced levels of fasting plasma glucose (-24.59 mg/dL ; 95% CI, -40.52 to -8.67 mg/dL), total cholesterol (-15.60 mg/dL ; 95% CI, -29.76 to -1.44 mg/dL), LDL-C (-9.42 mg/dL ; 95% CI, -17.21 to -1.63 mg/dL), and triglycerides (-29.59 mg/dL; 95% CI, -48.27 to -10.91 mg/dL). Ceylon also increased levels of HDL-C (1.66 mg/dL; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.24 mg/dL). No significant effect on hemoglobin A1c levels (-0.16%, 95% CI -0.39% to 0.02%) was seen. High degrees of heterogeneity were present for all analyses except HDL-C (1(2) ranging from 66.5% to 94.72%). The consumption of Ceylon is associated with a statistically significant decrease in levels of fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglyceride levels, and an increase in HDL-C levels; however, no significant effect on hemoglobin A1c was found. The high degree of heterogeneity may limit the ability to apply these results to patient care, because the preferred dose of duration of therapy are unclear.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24019277Ceylon Intake Lowers Fasting Blood Glucose: Meta-AnalysisA meta-analysis of clinical studies of the effect of Ceylon intake on people with type 2 diabetes and/or prediabetes that included three new clinical trials along with five trials used in previous meta-analyses was done to assess Ceylon’s effectiveness in lowering fasting blood glucose. The eight clinical studies were identified using a literature search (Pub Med and Biosis through May 2010) of randomized, placebo controlled trials reporting data on Ceylon and/or Ceylon extract and FBG. Comprehensive meta-analysis (Biostat Inc., Englewood, NJ, USA) was performed on the identified data for both Ceylon and Ceylon extract intake using a random-effects model that determined the standardized mean difference (ie, Change 1 (control) – Change 2 (Ceylon) divided by the pooled SD of post scores). Ceylon intake, either as whole Ceylon or as Ceylon extract, results in a statistically significant lowering in FBG (-0.49+/- 0.2 mmol/L; n=8, P=0.025) and intake of Ceylon extract only also lowered FBG (-0.48 mmol/L+/- 0.17; n=5, P=0.008). Thus Ceylon extract and/or Ceylon improves FBG in people with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21480806
Effects of Adjunct Therapy of a Proprietary Herbo-Chromium Supplement in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial“…Better control of fasting blood glucose and post-prandial blood glucose levels were observed in patients receiving HCrS (-12.4 to -16.6%) compared to placebo groups (-3.4 to -9.4%). There was a 5.5-7.4% decrease in HsCRP and LDL levels in patients receiving HCrS, which is better than placebo treated groups. Significant decrease in urinigy microalbumin level was observed in patients receiving HCrS (-20.0 to -22.5%) compared to placebo groups (-7.8 to -11.6%). Significant decreases in diabetic symptoms were observed in patients receiving HCrS (-47.4 to -59.4%) compared to that observed in placebo groups (-18.0 to 34.0%). Conclusion: The findings indicate that HCrS with OAD improves overall diabetic complications within 2 months and may be useful in long-term therapy.”
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/45716371_Effects_of_adjunct_therapy_of_a_proprietary_herbo-chromium_supplement_in_type_2_diabetes_A_randomized_clinical_trial_FNx01
Effect of Proprietary Chromium Complex and its Individual Components Versus Chromium Picolinate, Chromium Polynicotinate and Chromium Dinicocysteinate on Endothelial Function, Biomarkers and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetics – A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study“…PPC 400mcg showed significant improvement in endothelial function, lipid profile and biomarkers of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetics, followed by the combination of Phyllanthus emblica and Shilajit extract, chromium picolinate, chromium polynicotinate, chromium dinicocysteinate and chromium chloride. Further, it can be inferred that PPC 400 mcg has significant synergistic activity.”
http://ijpsr.com/bft-article/effect-of-proprietary-chromium-complex-and-its-individual-components-versus-chromium-picolinate-chromium-polynicotinate-and-chromium-dinicocysteinate-on-endothelial-function-biomarkers-and-lipid-pr/?view=fulltext
Anti-Arthritic Efficacy And Safety Of Crominex® 3+ (Trivalent Chromium, Phyllanthus emblica Extract, And Shilajit) In Moderately Arthritic Dogs“…Findings of this investigation revealed that dogs receiving Crominex 3+ (1000 µg chromium, 15 mg Amla extract and 15 mg purified Shilajit per day in two divided doses) exhibited a significant (P<0.05) reduction in arthritic pain noted as early as after 90 days with a maximum reduction after 150 days of treatment. Pain level remained the same or slightly increased in the dogs receiving placebo. No significant change occurred in physical parameters or serum biomarkers in dogs on placebo or Crominex 3+, which suggested that Crominex 3+ was well tolerated by arthritic dogs. In conclusion, Crominex 3+ significantly (P<0.05) ameliorated arthritic pain and improved quality of life without causing any untoward effects in moderately arthritic dogs.”
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279746304_Anti-Arthritic_Efficacy_And_Safety_Of_CrominexR_3_Trivalent_Chromium_Phyllanthus_emblica_Extract_And_Shilajit_In_Moderately_Arthritic_Dogs
Management of Diabetes and Its Complications with Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciose L.) and Corosolic Acid Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa L.) extracts have been used for many years in folk medicine to treat diabetes, with the first published research study being reported in 1940. This paper summarizes the current literature regarding Banaba and its constituents. The hypoglycemic effects of Banaba have been attributed to both corosolic acid as well as ellagitannins. Studies have been conducted in various animal models, human subjects, and in vitro systems using water soluble Banaba leaf extracts, corosolic acid, and ellagitannins. Corosolic acid has been reported to decrease blood sugar levels within 60 min in human subjects. Corosolic acid also exhibits antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities. The beneficial effects of Banaba and corosolic acid with respect to various aspects of glucose and lipid metabolism appear to involve multiple mechanisms, including enhanced cellular uptake of glucose, impaired hydrolysis of sucrose and starches, decreased gluconeogenesis, and the regulation of lipid metabolism. These effects may be mediated by PPAR and other signal transduction factors. Banaba extract, corosolic acid, and other constituents may be beneficial in addressing the symptoms associated with metabolic syndrome, as well as offering other health benefits.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3468018/
Antidiabetic Activity of a Standardized Extract (Glucosol) from Lagerstroemia speciose Leaves in Type 2 Diabetics. A Dose-Dependence StudyThe antidiabetic activity of an extract from the leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa standardized to 1% corosolic acid (Glucosol) has been demonstrated in a randomized clinical trial involving Type II diabetics (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM). Subjects received a daily oral dose of Glucosol and blood glucose levels were measured. Glucosol at daily dosages of 32 and 48mg for 2 weeks showed a significant reduction in the blood glucose levels. Glucosol in a soft gel capsule formulation showed a 30% decrease in blood glucose levels compared to a 20% drop seen with dry-powder filled hard gelatin capsule formulation (P<0.001), suggesting that the soft gel formulation has a better bioavailability than a dry-powder formulation.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12787964
Corosolic Acid Induces GLUT4 Translocation in Genetically Type 2 Diabetic MiceThe effect of corosolic acid (CA) on blood glucose was studied in KK-Ay mice, an animal model of type 2 diabetes. CA (10 mg/kg) reduced the blood glucose (p<0.05) of KK-Ay mice 4 h after single oral administration when compared with the control group. However, CA did not change the plasma insulin. The muscle facilitative glucose transporter isoform 4 (GLUT4) translocation from low-density microsomal membrane to plasma membrane was significantly increased in the orally CA-treated mice when compared with that of the controls (p<0.05). These results suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of CA is derived, at least in part, from an increase in GLUT4 translocation in muscle. Therefore, it may be that CA has beneficial effects on hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256748
Activation of Insulin Receptors by LagerstroeminLagerstroemin, an ellagitannin isolated from the leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. (Lythraceae), was examined for its biological activities. In rat adipocytes, the compound increased the rate of glucose uptake and decreased the isoproterenol-induced glycerol release. In Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human insulin receptors, it increased the Erk activity. These insulin-like actions were accompanied by the increased tyrosine-phosphorylation of the beta-subunit of the insulin receptors. Tryptic digestion of the extracellular sites of the insulin receptors markedly increased the effective concentrations of insulin without changing those of lagerstroemin. Thus lagerstroemin was considered to cause its insulin-like actions by a mechanism different from that employed by insulin.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14501154
Ellagitannins from Lagerstroemia speciose as Activators of Glucose Transport in Fat CellsGlucose transport enhancers were searched for in Lagerstroemia speciosa, a Philippine local herbal medicine used for diabetes mellitus. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the aqueous acetone extract of the leaves afforded three active ellagitannins, lagerstroemin, flosin B and reginin A, identified by NMR and optical rotation. These compounds increased glucose uptake of rat adipocytes, and could be responsible for lowering the blood glucose level.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11859474
Thiamine Deficiency in Diabetes Mellitus and the Impact of Thiamine Replacement on Glucose Metabolism and Vascular DiseaseDespite the targeting of traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease, disease burden has not been completely eliminated. Thiamine is an essential cofactor in carbohydrate metabolism and individuals with diabetes are thiamine deficient. The pathophysiology of recognised complications of thiamine deficiency is similar to that underlying atherosclerosis and the metabolic syndrome, namely oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. This review examines the mechanisms by which thiamine deficiency occurs in individuals with diabetes, how this deficiency leads to hyperglycaemic-induced damage, and the effect of thiamine replacement on vascular disease, endothelial function and oxidative stress. Thiamine administration can prevent the formation of harmful by-products of glucose metabolism, reduce oxidative stress and improve endothelial function. The potential benefit of long-term replacement in those with diabetes is not yet known but may reduce cardiovascular risk and angiopathic complications.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21564442
The impact of Thiamine Treatment in the Diabetes MellitusThiamine acts as a coenzyme for transketolase (Tk) and for the pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes, enzymes which play a fundamental role for intracellular glucose metabolism. The relationship between thiamine and diabetes mellitus (DM) has been reported in the literature. Thiamine levels and thiamine-dependent enzyme activities have been reduced in DM. Genetic studies provide opportunity to link the relationship between thiamine and DM (such as Tk, SLC19A2 gene, transcription factor Sp1, α-1-antitrypsin, and p53). Thiamine and its derivatives have been demonstrated to prevent the activation of the biochemical pathways (increased flux through the polyol pathway, formation of advanced glycation end-products, activation of protein kinase C, and increased flux through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway) induced by hyperglycemia in DM.Thiamine definitively has a role in the diabetic endothelial vascular diseases (micro and macroangiopathy), lipid profile, retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiopathy, and neuropathy.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3376872/
Zinc as a Potential Coadjuvant in Therapy for Type 2 DiabetesCellular and animal models provide information on the insulin mimetic action of zinc, as well as its role as a regulator of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and insulin secretion. Zinc supplementation studies in humans are limited, although some positive effects have been reported; mainly, a modest but significant reduction in fasting glucose and a trend to decreased glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Zinc supplementation may have beneficial effects on glycemic control. Nevertheless, among the studies considered, the vast majority lasted for 6 months or less, suggesting the importance of conducting long-duration studies given the characteristics of type 2 diabetes as a chronic disease.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23964394
Is Dietary Zinc Protective for Type 2 Diabetes? Results from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s HealthFrom 8921 participants, 333 incident cases of type 2 diabetes were identified over 6 years of follow-up. After adjustment for dietary and non-dietary factors, the highest quintile dietary zinc intake had almost half the odds of developing type 2 diabetes (OR = 0.50, 95% C.I. 0.32–0.77) compared with the lowest quintile. Similar findings were observed for the zinc/iron ratio; the highest quintile had half the odds of developing type 2 diabetes (OR = 0.50, 95% C.I 0.30-0.83) after multivariable adjustment of covariates. Higher total dietary zinc intake and high zinc/iron ratio are associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes in women. This finding is a positive step towards further research to determine if zinc supplementation may reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
https://bmcendocrdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6823-13-40
Is Serum Zinc Level associated with Prediabetes and Diabetes? A Cross-Sectional Study from BangladeshA total of 280 participants were analysed. On fasting blood sugar results, 51% were normal, 13% had prediabetes and 36% had diabetes. Mean serum zinc level was lowest in prediabetic compared to normal and diabetic participants (mean differences were approximately 65 ppb/L and 33 ppb/L, respectively). In multiple linear regression, serum zinc level was found to be significantly lower in prediabetes than in those with normoglycemia. Beta cell function was significantly lower in prediabetes than normal participants. Adjusted linear regression for HOMA parameters did not show a statistically significant association between serum zinc level, beta cell function (P = 0.07) and insulin resistance (P = 0.08). Low serum zinc accentuated the increase in insulin resistance seen with increasing BMI. Participants with prediabetes have lower zinc levels than controls and zinc is significantly associated with beta cell function and insulin resistance. Further longitudinal population based studies are warranted and controlled trials would be valuable for establishing whether zinc supplementation in prediabetes could be a useful strategy in preventing progression to Type 2 diabetes.
Chromium and Polyphenols from Ceylon Improve Insulin SensitivityNaturally-occurring compounds that have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity include Cr and polyphenols found in Ceylon (Cinnamomon cassia). These compounds also have similar effects on insulin signalling and glucose control. The signs of Cr deficiency are similar to those for the metabolic syndrome and supplemental Cr has been shown to improve all these signs in human subjects. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study it has been demonstrated that glucose, insulin, cholesterol and HbA1c are all improved in patients with type 2 diabetes following Cr supplementation. It has also been shown that Ceylon polyphenols improve insulin sensitivity in in vitro, animal and human studies. Ceylon reduces mean fasting serum glucose (18-29%), TAG (23-30%), total cholesterol (12-26%) and LDL-cholesterol (7-27%) in subjects with type 2 diabetes after 40 d of daily consumption of 1-6 g Ceylon. Subjects with the metabolic syndrome who consume an aqueous extract of Ceylon have been shown to have improved fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, percentage body fat and increased lean body mass compared with the placebo group. Studies utilizing an aqueous extract of Ceylon, high in type A polyphenols, have also demonstrated improvements in fasting glucose, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in women with insulin resistance associated with the polycystic ovary syndrome. For both supplemental Cr and Ceylon not all studies have reported beneficial effects and the responses are related to the duration of the study, form of Cr or Ceylon used and the extent of obesity and glucose intolerance of the subjects.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18234131
Ceylon Extracts Boost Insulin Sensitivity
https://agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov/ar/archive/2000/jul/cinn0700.pdf
